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（中国这十年·斯人）“杂交谷子之父”赵治海：瘠田飘出谷米香******
中新社石家庄10月12日电 题：“杂交谷子之父”赵治海：瘠田飘出谷米香
作者 赵丹媚
“种植‘张杂谷’五亩能脱贫，十亩能致富，百八十亩盖房娶媳妇”，这是“张杂谷”种植发源地河北张家口宣化地区流传的一句话。人们所说的“张杂谷”，正是“杂交谷子之父”赵治海及其团队的研究成果。
今年64岁的张家口市农业科学院学术委员会主任赵治海是中国知名农业科学家，业界有“南有袁隆平，北有赵治海”之称。种过地、赶过马车，年少时“地里刨食”的生活，让他深知一粒一粟来之不易。1982年大学毕业后，赵治海选择回到家乡河北张家口，与杂交谷子“打交道”。
资料图为2021年2月22日，赵治海在查看“张杂谷”长势。 中新社发 受访者供图利用杂交育种技术，赵治海及其团队培育出具有自主知识产权的“张杂谷”系列品种，其表现高产、抗旱、优质、高效，将中国北方干旱半干旱地区谷子亩产从200公斤至300公斤提高到400公斤至600公斤，并创造了亩产811.9公斤的世界谷子高产纪录。同时，“张杂谷”还走出国门，在非洲埃塞俄比亚、乌干达等十余个国家试种成功。
中国人的饭碗任何时候都要牢牢端在自己手中，为了这一目标，近十年，赵治海将研究重点转向以饲料为主的谷子、谷草上。
谈及缘由，赵治海说，谷子作为杂粮，现在人们吃得少了，但谷子是粮草兼用作物，谷草是优质饲草，在农牧交错带发展杂交谷子产业，既可解决当地粮食增产、农民增收问题，还可解决饲草问题，让人们吃到放心的肉蛋奶，此为“藏粮于畜”。
资料图为2021年2月22日，赵治海正在观察谷子。 中新社发 受访者供图2022年2月，饲用谷子被列入中国农业农村部印发的《“十四五”全国饲草产业发展规划》。赵治海说，牛羊育肥需要精饲料，若把谷子作为精饲料，谷草作为粗饲料，会使牛羊肉的质量大大提高。“实验表明，喂食了谷草的羊，肉中的不饱和脂肪酸比普通羊肉高50%，肉质细腻，且价格比普通羊肉每斤贵30元(人民币)，一些贫困地区可以通过发展高档牛羊肉增收致富。”
“在育种上，追求高产是不变的主题，但不考虑环境承受力的追求高产不是我们的初衷。”赵治海说，一些干旱、土地贫瘠的地区无法耕种、放牧，但适合种植谷子这种生态友好作物，若为了追求高产而广灌溉、施肥，不仅会增加农民种地成本，也会破坏当地生态。“若能合理利用这些地区，或许中国制定的18亿亩耕地红线这个数字可以扩大，更好地保证粮食安全。”
赵治海坦言，他今天仍然有压力，杂交谷子是张家口市农业科学院几代人50余年接力研究的成果，恢复谷子的主粮地位，储备谷子生产技能，打破国外苜蓿牧草的垄断，助农增收，这个目标一直激励着他。
如今，“张杂谷”系列成果不断扩大，已有粮食类20多个品种、饲草类3个品种，形成了适应水、旱地，春、夏播，早、晚熟配套的品种格局，基本覆盖了中国谷子适播区的所有生态类型。
“我们将进一步加大谷子新品种研发力度，提高产量，发展优质饲草饲料，藏粮于畜。”正是因为挨过饿、吃过苦，赵治海明白，粮食问题不仅仅是某个国家的问题，人类必须寻求解决吃饭问题的新途径，同时保护地球的可持续发展。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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