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“上热下寒”该如何调理******

　　每到冬季，有一类人在怕冷的同时，身体还出现上火的症状，上半身是“火炉”，下半身是“冰窖”。从中医角度来讲，这类人属于“上热下寒”症，也就是人体在同一时期既有“热”的症状，又有“寒”的症状。

　　阴阳失衡导致“上热下寒”

　　“上热下寒”的说法很早就存在。《黄帝内经》中提到：“上热于寒，视其虚脉而陷之于经络者取之，气下乃止，此所谓引而下之者也。”《诸病源候论》中也写道：“阳气并于上则上热，阴气并于下则下寒。”也就是说，“上热下寒”是因为人体阴阳升降失常、阴并于下、寒热异味、无法上下流通导致的一系列症状。

　　厦门市中医院体质调理专病门诊副主任医师李步双说，人体如果阴阳平衡，上肢热气正常下沉归元，肾脏的寒气上提滋阴养元，肌体就能阴阳相生，水火既济。当身体上焦的心火无法下流，下面的肾水无法上升，心肾不交，阴阳离绝，身体自然就会上焦过于火旺，下焦过于寒凉，产生各种各样寒热失衡的疾病，形成“上热下寒”的现象。

　　“上热”“下寒”症状各异

　　“上热”有哪些表现？李步双介绍，主要是咽痛口苦、口腔溃疡，还伴有长青春痘、牙龈肿痛等，慢性病如咽炎、中耳炎、甲状腺异常等病症也容易抬头。“下寒”的表现主要体现在胃部以下较正常人更加怕冷，例如足膝发凉、腿脚冰凉、不敢吃凉，胃部也普遍有消化不良、腹泻胀气等情况。李步双介绍，“上热下寒”的另一明显特征是失眠、易醒、睡眠质量较差。在饮食上，这类人群也非常敏感，吃少许辛辣的热气东西就上火，吃一点冷食的寒凉东西就腹泻。

　　李步双说，“上热下寒”的人在如今并不鲜见。有些人生活习惯不好，常吃生冷蔬果和辛辣油腻的油炸物，体内阴阳颠倒。另外，一些人整天坐在电脑前不动，导致上下水火不易流通。晚上熬夜过度，颠倒黑白，长此以往，“上热下寒”的体质就形成了。

　　三种方法调理“上热下寒”

　　厦门瑞来春中医门诊部负责人周本草建议，调理“上热下寒”的体质要注意三点。

　　首先，可以尝试多泡脚，温暖下肢，引气血下行。泡脚可以促进足部保暖，改善血液循环。可以煮艾叶、肉桂来泡脚，也可以用专门的泡脚方，效果更好。

　　其次，饮食方面也要注意。“上热下寒”的人饮食要清淡，不能吃太饱，给脾胃留一些消化的空间。平时可多吃些茯苓、山药、莲子、黑豆等温和食物，尽量少吃生冷油腻的食物，忌吃辛辣伤阴的食物。

　　再次，“上热下寒”的人可重点关注身体四个穴位：关元、足三里、三阴交、涌泉穴。对这四个穴位，可进行推拿，也可以尝试艾灸。值得一提的是，睡觉前，用掌心来回搓热涌泉穴，有很好的效果。

　　另外，“上热下寒”的人还可以通过针灸来调理。针对“上热下寒”症状，通过针刺疏通的方法，引热下行，恢复身体寒热平衡的状态。针灸穴位主要是曲池、合谷、太冲等穴位。

　　（摘自《厦门晚报》）

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.